A) Progressive Era/Movement - A time period when people became more involved to make the government better. From the 1890's through the 1920's
B) Muckraker - A journalist who exposes the problems of the government.
C) Social Gospel - A protestant Christian intellectual movement in the early 20th century that focused on the issues on social justice such as: poverty, alcoholism, crime, child labor, racial tensions.
D) Social Darwinism - "Survival of the Fittest" idea that justifies that there's no distinction between the able and not able.
E) Americanization - The process of an immigrant to the united states becoming a person who shares american values, beliefs, and customs.
F) Nativist/Nativism - Favoring the intrests of established unhabitants over those of immigrants
G) Europe (Eastern & Southern) - Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Italy, Greece, Spain, Portugal
H) Political Machine - an organization with a person of power as boss that gives rewards to the people and campaign workers that support him.
I) Andrew Carnegie - During the times of Industrialization in the late 19th century, this Scottish-American philanthropist led the expansion of the American steel industry.
J) Horizontal/Vertical Integration - description of management control that promotes profits, growth, efficiency, and monopolies for businesses.
K) Urban - Characterized by higher population and a greater area of humans compared to surrounding cities
L) Upton Sinclair - Was an American author and one- time candidate for governor of California who wrote almost one hundred books, including The Jungle.
M) Meat Inspection Act - A law that prevents mislabeled meat products from being sold as food, to ensure that meat products are killed and produced under sanitary conditions.
N) Trust/Monopoly - Illegal companies that own all parts of business; illegal owners of different companies that meet to reduce competition and form prices.
O) Graft - Corruption in the political field that can be defined as a bribe so the politician can gain authority.P) Hull Houses (Settlement Houses) - Were where important changes in society were made during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; Chicago's Hull was the best known
Q) Jane Addams - A woman who studied the development of human society, was a pioneer settlement worker, important figure and leader of women's right to vote, and established the Hull House in Chicago.
R) Cesar Chavez - A leader of social justice, an American farm worker, co-founded with Dolores Huerta to establish the National Farm Workers Association, or the United Farm Workers.
S) Immigration Act of 1965 - eliminated the quotas that restricted immigration and focused on the families of immigrants. There are many restrictions on visas to 170,000 per year, per country.
T) Immigration - The act of moving to a new country one was not born in.
U) Alexander Graham Bell - Was a scientist, inventor, and innovator who made the first telephone.
V) George Eastman - Was an American innovator and businessman who founded a company that made film for pictures, after his findings photographing became well known.
W) Thomas Edison - Made many devices that influenced life around the world positively, for instance the record player, motion picture camera, electric light bulb.
X) Henry Bessemer - Was an English engineer, inventor, and businessman, known for the process of making steel.
Y) Reform - To improve the unsatisfactory in social, political, and economic community.
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